When solving for u, you’ll see that positive and negative 2 each work, and when you substitute those integers back into the equations 4–u and 4+u, you get two solutions, 2 and 6, which solve the original polynomial equation. When you multiply, the middle terms cancel out and you come up with the equation 16–u2 = 12. So the numbers can be represented as 4–u and 4+u. If the two numbers we’re looking for, added together, equal 8, then they must be equidistant from their average. Instead of starting by factoring the product, 12, Loh starts with the sum, 8. Those two numbers are the solution to the quadratic, but it takes students a lot of time to solve for them, as they’re often using a guess-and-check approach. “Normally, when we do a factoring problem, we are trying to find two numbers that multiply to 12 and add to 8,” Dr. If you have x², that means two root values, in a shape like a circle or arc that makes two crossings. Since a line crosses just once through any particular latitude or longitude, its solution is just one value. The Amazing Math Inside the Rubik’s Cube.So x + 4 is an expression describing a straight line, but (x + 4)² is a curve. They can have one or many variables in any combination, and the magnitude of them is decided by what power the variables are taken to. An expression like “x + 4” is a polynomial. Quadratic equations are polynomials, meaning strings of math terms. The same thing happens with the Pythagorean theorem, where in school, most examples end up solving out to Pythagorean triples, the small set of integer values that work cleanly into the Pythagorean theorem. Students learn them beginning in algebra or pre-algebra classes, but they’re spoonfed examples that work out very easily and with whole integer solutions. Quadratic equations fall into an interesting donut hole in education. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. We recommend using aĪuthors: Lynn Marecek, MaryAnne Anthony-Smith, Andrea Honeycutt Mathis Use the information below to generate a citation. Then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, Then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, Want to cite, share, or modify this book? This book uses the This book may not be used in the training of large language models or otherwise be ingested into large language models or generative AI offerings without OpenStax's permission. This last equation is the Quadratic Formula. X = − b ± b 2 − 4 a c 2 a x = − b ± b 2 − 4 a c 2 a X = − b 2 a ± b 2 − 4 a c 2 a x = − b 2 a ± b 2 − 4 a c 2 a X + b 2 a = ± b 2 − 4 a c 2 a x + b 2 a = ± b 2 − 4 a c 2 aĪdd − b 2 a − b 2 a to both sides of the equation. X + b 2 a = ± b 2 − 4 a c 4 a 2 x + b 2 a = ± b 2 − 4 a c 4 a 2 ( x + b 2 a ) 2 = b 2 − 4 a c 4 a 2 ( x + b 2 a ) 2 = b 2 − 4 a c 4 a 2 ( x + b 2 a ) 2 = − c a + b 2 4 a 2 ( x + b 2 a ) 2 = − c a + b 2 4 a 2įind the common denominator of the right side and writeĮquivalent fractions with the common denominator. The left side is a perfect square, factor it. X 2 + b a x + b 2 4 a 2 = − c a + b 2 4 a 2 x 2 + b a x + b 2 4 a 2 = − c a + b 2 4 a 2 Make leading coefficient 1, by dividing by a.Ī x 2 a + b a x = − c a a x 2 a + b a x = − c a We start with the standard form of a quadratic equationĪnd solve it for x by completing the square.Ī x 2 + b x + c = 0 a ≠ 0 a x 2 + b x + c = 0 a ≠ 0
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